ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has put millions of lives at risk. SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, primarily targets the respiratory system. The subsequent immune reactions may cause severe inflammation. The severe infection, disease progression, and dysregulated immune response can affect various sites of the body. Moreover, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, the cellular receptor for viral entry, is expressed by different organs of the body. This hints at the possibility of virus infection and manifestations at miscellaneous sites. Indeed, COVID-19 patients with comorbidities like cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney diseases, obesity, and immunosuppressive conditions have shown either increased disease severity, delayed viral clearance, or higher mortality. COVID-19 treatment with steroids and associated comorbidities like diabetes have also been shown to make people susceptible to lethal secondary infections like mucormycosis. Therefore, COVID-19 patients should be vigilantly monitored for symptoms and underlying conditions. In this regard, we comprehensively explained the aspects of COVID-19-associated comorbidities. As dysregulated inflammation is a key factor in worsening the disease conditions, we have also summarized the important molecular pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 associated inflammation. This could further help researchers find targets for reducing COVID-19 inflammation and achieve better outcomes in comorbidity associated patients. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Interventions that try to alter behaviour in order to promote health and disease management are typically time and resource-consuming. At the moment, boosting maternal and child nutrition is the main focus of nutrition programs in India. This paper discusses the most effective methods to change eating habits, hygiene, and sanitisation particularly the significance of contemporary Information Technology (IT) in health education.Aim: To determine the pre education knowledge level and create awareness regarding maternal nutrition, hygiene and sanitation through the developed education video on personal hygiene and sanitation among maternal-aged group women.Materials and Methods: The community-based prospective interventional study was conducted from October 2019 to April 2021 by using the prospective intervention study design. Based on the Socio-demographic profile, anthropometric measurement, and clinical assessment, specific questions regarding dietary knowledge and personal hygiene were recorded by using the questionnaire. By using the recorded data through a questionnaire, 100 respondents were selected through stratified random sampling and divided into the control group (n=50) and experimental group (n=50) involved in the intervention study. The experimental group which consisted of 50 respondents was grouped into two groups E1 (n=25) and E2 (n=25) and educated separately (due to COVID-19 restriction on mass gatherings) three times a month at 15 days intervals. The nutrition education intervention was given through an educational video in the Hindi language. The effects of the intervention were studied among the participants of the experimental group. The control group did not receive any nutritional awareness sessions. Knowledge level before and after the education intervention was recorded by using the self-structured questionnaire consisting of 15 multiple questions. The data was analysed by using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique.Results: Analysis was done for the complete data collected from 100 participants (15-35 years of age, 50 in each control and experimental group) included in the present study. The mean age of maternal age group women was 22 years. No significant difference was found between the knowledge of the control and experimental group at baseline (p-value >0.05). However, the post-intervention, there was significant gain in knowledge in the experimental group (p-value <0.001).Conclusion: It was found that providing the nutrition education through the developed information and communication technology proved effective by increasing knowledge level among the maternal aged group women.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 outbreak and the subsequent lockdown have had a negative impact on agriculture and other allied activity i.e. food, livestock, dairy etc. The most important and essential aspect of a unsustainable turn of events due to COVID-19 is dairy sector. When it comes to supplying products to clients, dairy suppliers are facing a difficult situation. These disruptions have a sudden impact on the dairy supply chain system and the process can collapse if necessary and immediate actions are not taken. The pandemic and its associated lockdown have not only made it difficult for a large number of poor and marginal dairy farmers but have also had an impact on the livestock feed industry, dairy industry, and related supply value chains of the dairy sector. This review article features different elements of the effects, specifically decreased popularity of various products, wastage of products, supply market chains, work absenteeism due to shortage of labor, and recovery strategy taken by the authorities to recover livestock and dairy sector. This review article provides a comprehensive view of the overall situation, a methodical report gathering critical data across the country and the impact on every sub-area of the dairy sector and associated value supply chains.
ABSTRACT
The present pandemic situation has increased the demand for plant-based functional foods that enhancing the immunity of all aged groups against COVID-19. This factor has led to innovation in confectionery market because healthy and good quality confectionery products are lacking. In this study, an attempt has been made to develop functional candy from various combinations of banana, ginger, skim milk powder, and honey at 2-10% and evaluated its sensory, nutraceutical, functional properties and microbial stability for 60 days. Among various combinations of banana and ginger pulp, candy prepared from 96:6 w/w (banana: ginger) ratio was found better than other combinations in respect to organoleptic and nutritional quality. Ginger and skim milk powder addition increased the contents of protein (4.54%), ash (2.82%), phenolic (8.59 mgGAE/g), flavonoid (2.43 mQ/g), and antioxidant activity (36.15% DPPH activity) of functional candy. Microbial studies of functional candy revealed that it could be stored up to 60 days without microbial contamination and acceptable by the consumer. The cost of functional candy was Rs.1.53 per candy, which was less than market candy. This study showed that candy manufactured from banana, ginger, skim milk powder, and honey was nutritionally and economical improved with acceptable sensory properties. Developed functional candy increases the market's revenue and enables confectionary market to develop a new candy type.
ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus with single positive-strand RNA, having glycoproteins projection on envelopes so reveals a halo-like appearance or corona. Coronavirus is of four types: (1) α-coronavirus (α-COV);(2) β-coronavirus (β-COV);(3) δ-coronavirus (δ-COV);and (4) γ-coronavirus (γ-COV) and belongs to family Coronaviridae and subfamily Coronavirinae. Coronaviruses are the normal pathogens that cause broad band of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in domestic as well as wild animals such as pigs, birds, and rodents. Coronavirus is highly infectious in case of elders for mortality rate. The elder peoples are at 2-fold higher risk as compared to the younger population and the greater part of the population dying from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is male. The virus enters into the body by the mouth, eyes, or nose, then particles march inside of the body by different pathways and affect vital organs in severe ways such as liver, heart muscle, blood vessels, kidneys, central nervous system, etc. Right now, the only solution to avoid COVID-19 infection is 'precautions.' Different companies of different countries at different steps are in race to develop effective medicines for treatment and management of the same. Here, in this review, we tried to give an overview of all about SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 infection, pathophysiology, mechanisms, and various treatment trials. © 2021 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
In today’s world, educational institutions have a task to provide the best education to their students and then to classify them on their basis of understanding they could be divided upon their learning and understanding ability. As the evolution of teaching happens, the whole world has entered the era of digital education. There have been quite a lot of improvements in the educational domain and the pandemic as well has affected the perspective towards the education sector. This has made us realize that a revamp is needed in this sector with the help of digitalization of data for the present and future aspects of students’ learning and performance. The revamp due to COVID–19 has given us some time to analyze how effective the education can be. It has to be in such a format that all the actors in this domain (Student and Teacher) must be aware of their daily activity and no one must be left behind due to no proper analysis of the basic block of education. So, this project of Student-Teacher App using machine learning, includes features such as discussions, notifications on projects and assignments, attendance, and marks. Results reveal that the proposed application will produce improved performance. © 2021, Annals of R.S.C.B. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The outbreak of (COVID-19) has created a global health crisis that has had a deep impact on the way we perceive our world and our everyday lives. This survey was helpful to know the impact of neck pain and leisure activity during lockdown of Female IT workers while remaining at work, and to analyse psychosocial effect on neck pain. Methodology: Female office workers with neck pain (n = 60) completed a survey about impact of their neck pain and leisure activities. Consequences of neck pain were evaluated with questions on self-reported impact on work and leisure activity. Responses to survey questions were analysed using descriptive analyses. Result: The point prevalence of NP was significantly related to age, gender, health status, job satisfaction, and length of employment. Conclusions: The findings provide evidence that the impact on work and leisure was substantial.
ABSTRACT
Background: The explosion of coronavirus disease Covid-19 has created as a worldwide health crisis that has had a deep impact on the way we perceive our world and our everyday lives. Not only the Speed, but the security measures put in situ to contain the spread of the virus also require social distancing by refraining from doing what’s inherently human, Quarantine keeps such people far away from others so that they don’t unknowingly infect anyone in their vicinity. It’s employed by Governments to stop the spread of communicable diseases. Such a survey would help me to understand the impact of psychological state and Stress during Quarantine to guard against (COVID-19). Objective: To find out the impact of Quarantine on Mental Health and Stress to protect against the coronavirus (COVID-19). Methods: 65 PEOPLE were asked by questionnaire to fill 20 different questions related to Social, distancing is a public health strategy to limit the spread of COVID-19. Result: The result of this study supports that 65 people, who they are Quarantine. At least or more than 15 days, are suffering from moderate to high-level Stress. Conclusion: The social isolation, quarantine, and lockdown can increase stress responses and generate more status of uncertainty.